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June 2020

(a) Extract F: From Superpower Relations 1944Ð1990, published in 2009.

De-Stalinisation encouraged reform by criticising Stalin's system of terror, and by Khrushchev's suggestion that there could be other ways to socialism. In the Soviet Union's satellite states of Eastern Europe, de-Stalinisation led to calls by the general public for reforms in their nations. In the summer of 1956, Hungarian reformers started demonstrations in order to put pressure on the government. Khrushchev sensed the danger in a wave of disturbances sweeping through Eastern Europe. The Hungarian leader, Matyas Rakosi, a loyal Stalinist, was removed by the Soviets. However, Rakosi's replacement could not control the increasingly violent demonstrations.

(a) What impression does the author give about the impact de-Stalinisation had on Soviet control of Hungary?

You must use Extract F to explain your answer.